Among fruit crops, in mango cultivar Amrapali, planting at a spacing of 2.5x2.5m accommodating 1600 plants per ha as compared to 100 plants per ha in case of traditional method of planting resulted in nearly 2.5 times higher fruit yield than the traditional method of planting up to 12 years age. In litchi cultivars Shahi and China, Double hedge row planting at a spacing of 4.5 x 4.5x 9 m, accommodating 329 plants/ha as compared to 123 plants in traditional method resulted in nearly three times higher yield than that in case of traditional method of planting. In guava cultivar Allahabad Safeda, double hedge row planting at a spacing of 2.5x2.5x5.0 m accommodating 1060 plants per ha as compared to 400 plants per ha in case of traditional method of planting resulted in nearly two times higher yield than that in case of traditional method of planting. High density planting of banana cv. Dwarf Cavendish at a spacing of 1.4 x 1.4 m accommodating 5,100 plants/ha has resulted in higher economic yields.

Fruit crop based cropping system model consisting of aonla, litchi and mango as main crop; guava/Kagzi lime/Assam Lemon as filler crop and cowpea or French bean as intercrop has been found to provide sustainable higher returns per unit area from the uplands and medium uplands. Intercropping of French bean, cow pea and groundnut have been found to be the most profitable combinations under mango, litchi and aonla based multitier cropping systems with guava as filler crop under Chotanagpur plateau conditions up to initial 10 years of orchard establishment. Under grown up mango orchards, intercropping of shade tolerant crops like turmeric was found to be most profitable.

Application of 100 g N, 600 g P 2O 5 and 800 g K 2O in guava variety Allahabad Safeda resulted in highest fruit yield per plant whereas soil application of Phosphobacterin was found to be most effective in improving the fruit quality of guava cv. Lucknow-49. Application of 500 g N, 500 g P 2O 5 and 300 g K 2O in litchi cv. China was recommended for junior adult bearing orchards.

Exposing litchi roots in a trench of 150 cm diameter around the trunk to a depth of 30 cm after harvesting for 7 days and filling up the trench with recommended dose of manures and fertilizers after the onset of monsoon resulted in increase in yield of litchi cv. Shahi.

Full-moon terracing and mulching with paddy straw was found to improve fruit size, reduce fruit cracking and increase yield of litchi cv. Shahi.

In guava cultivars Allahabad Safeda and Lucknow-49, manual removal of 50 per cent of rainy season crop was found most effective for increasing the yield of winter crop and total profitability both under rainfed as well as irrigated conditions of eastern plateau and hill conditions.

Rejuvenation pruning during December and application of fertilizer at a rate of 800:300:1000 g NPK + 50 kg FYM per plant was found effective for improving the productivity of old, senile and unproductive mango orchards in three years.

In vegetable crops, intercropping of cowpea with okra gave 31 to 53 per cent increased okra equivalent yield. Similarly, planting of 4 rows of onion 15 cm apart between 2 rows of tomato (30 x 100 cm) gave 36 per cent higher tomato-equivalent yield and higher return without affecting the quality of tomato. In cabbage, intercropping with coriander or fenugreek enhanced the yield (16 per cent) and also restored the soil fertility. The maximum net returns were recorded from cabbage-fenugreek followed by cabbage-coriander intercropping.

In cabbage cv. Pride of India, application of N P K : 180:60:50 with a plant spacing 45 x 30 cm recorded 28 per cent higher yield. Under soil amelioration studies for vegetable crops, application of lime at the rate of 3.4 t/ha and molybdenum 1.5 kg/ha or ammonium molybdate as foliar spray 0.2% of four times at 12 days interval increased curd weight and curd diameter of cauliflower cv. Pusa Snowball-1. Application of lime increased the yield by 12 per cent, and improved the soil pH, available molybdenum in soil and also increased molybdenum, calcium and magnesium in leaf tissue. Soil application of 1.5 kg B/ha during rainy season was found sufficient for 3 successive crops of cauliflower in overcoming brown rot and to boost yield. However, when Boron was applied to the winter crop, its residual effect was extended to next rainy season only.

Regeneration of pointed gourd explants in media containing BA 1.0 ppm + IAA 0.2 ppm and sub-culturing them in media containing IAA 0.2 ppm +IBA 1.5 ppm were found optimum for in vitro multiplication of pointed gourd.